Unlike past editions of this series, the following interview will only be available as a written interview.
Meet Hurum Maksora Tohfa, a third-year Astrophysics PhD student at the University of Washington. When this interview was conducted, she was just about to enter her second year. Alongside her PhD, Hurum is also a Graduate Assistant for Professor Matt McQuinn, where she works on projects that explore the effects of baryon streaming velocity on structure formation in the early universe.
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| Hurum Maksora Tohfa |
Her path into astrophysics began with a love for mathematics that grew into a passion for physics and cosmology. With a BA in physics and mathematics with a concentration in scientific computing, she has worked on projects ranging from fine structure constant variation to simulations of early star formation, developing a strong foundation in computational cosmology.What excites Hurum most about astronomy is its ability to address fundamental questions about the universe while reminding us of our place within it. She acknowledges the challenges of complex equations and overwhelming data, but sees them as opportunities to sharpen her computational skills and contribute to the field. For aspiring astrophysicists, her advice is to take things one day at a time, be patient with yourself, and never hesitate to ask for help.
What is your background?
I got my BA(Hons.) in physics and mathematics with a concentration in scientific computing. I am currently a second year PhD student at the University of Washington. I have been involved in various research projects that span cosmology, high-energy physics, and computational methods.
What inspired you to choose a path in astronomy/astrophysics?
My interest in mathematics eventually led me to physics. While exploring different areas of physics, I found my passion for computational cosmology while working with Professor Daniel Grin on fine structure constant variation. I like how it lies at the intersection of many fundamental questions related to both particle physics and the origin of our universe and can address them in a novel and concrete way.
What are your aspirations?
My aspirations are to pursue a PhD in computational cosmology, where I aim to expand upon my previous work by applying my computational skills to test and develop numerical tools to test or create alternative cosmological theories. After completing my PhD, I hope to continue my research in academia and share my knowledge with the next generation of physicists.
What about astronomy excites you?
What excites me about astronomy is its ability to address fundamental questions about the universe by intersecting multiple disciplines like particle physics, mathematics, and data analysis. On a deeper level, contemplating our insignificance on the vast cosmic scale humbles me and inspires me to make a positive difference in the tiny part of the cosmos I inhabit.
What about astronomy is challenging for you and what have you done to overcome these challenges?
One of the significant challenges in astronomy, particularly in computational cosmology, is dealing with analytically unsolvable dynamic equations and complex numerical evaluations. Many of the equations governing cosmic phenomena cannot be solved analytically due to their complexity, requiring sophisticated numerical methods and high-performance computing to approximate solutions. Additionally, as detectors and telescopes become more sensitive, we are entering an era where next-generation telescopes will produce an overwhelming amount of data. Managing this "big data" to extract meaningful insights poses another substantial challenge. To overcome these challenges, I have focused on developing a strong computational skillset to tackle the analytical and data-intensive challenges in the field.
What do you think is a common misperception about astronomers or astronomy as a discipline or/and educational path?
A common misperception about astronomers and the field of astronomy is that it's solely about stargazing or observing celestial objects through telescopes. Many people imagine astronomers spending their nights looking at the sky and cataloging stars, planets, and galaxies. While observation is a fundamental part of astronomy, the discipline is much more diverse and technologically advanced than this romanticized view suggests.
In reality, modern astronomy and astrophysics are highly interdisciplinary fields that integrate physics, mathematics, computer science, and data analysis. For example, as a theorist, I spend most of my time developing advanced statistical methods, running N-body simulations, and analyzing computational models to formulate theories that explain observational data. My work involves complex algorithms and high-performance computing, which are far removed from the traditional image of an astronomer gazing through a telescope.
Another misperception is that the educational path in astronomy is narrow and limits career opportunities to academia or observatories. In truth, the skill set developed—such as critical thinking, quantitative analysis, and expertise in machine learning and data science—is highly transferable to various industries, including technology, finance, and healthcare.
What are you currently working on? (Projects, Classes, Goals?) I’m currently working on two research projects: The first project investigates the impact of baryon-dark matter streaming velocities on the formation of the first stars in the universe. In the early universe, radiation was coupled to baryons but not to dark matter, leading to a relative velocity difference between them after recombination—this phenomenon is known as streaming velocity. Previous studies show some contradicting results on the mass of dark matter halos that were affected by streaming. I'm using N-body simulations to explore how this streaming velocity impacted star formation in the early universe, which can help us better understand observations from telescopes like the James Webb Space Telescope.
I am also working on the effect of observational systematics on a relatively new summary statistics called scattering transform for Lyman alpha forest data. Along with my research, I am continuing to take graduate level courses.
What are your near-future plans?
I am hoping to finish my current project and take the qualifier exam by the end of my second year.
What advice would you give to someone considering a trajectory similar to yours?
If you're considering a trajectory similar to mine, my advice is to take things one day at a time and be patient with yourself. Research can be challenging and often complex, so don't hesitate to ask for help when you encounter obstacles. It's likely that someone else has already spent months resolving the same issues you're facing, and seeking their guidance can save you a lot of time and frustration. Additionally, focus on developing a strong computational background.
Did/Do you receive any mentorship and if so, what is the most important guidance you have garnered along your journey?
Yes, I have been fortunate to receive mentorship from several esteemed professors, including Professor Matt McQuinn, Professor Simeon Bird, and Professor Daniel Grin. Their passion for astronomy and cosmology has been incredibly inspiring and has significantly influenced my decision to continue in this field. From each of them, I have learned invaluable lessons about cosmology, research methodologies, and the importance of critical thinking. The most important guidance I have garnered along my journey is the value of perseverance—being consistent in tackling challenging problems and not giving up.
What if any changes would you like to see for women in astronomy?
I would like to see a more inclusive and supportive environment for women in astronomy. This includes increasing representation of women at all levels—from students and researchers to faculty and leadership positions. Mentorship programs and networking opportunities specifically designed for women can provide valuable support and foster career development. Additionally, promoting work-life balance through flexible scheduling and acknowledging the challenges that disproportionately affect women can help retain brilliant individuals in the field.
Favorite movie/Tv show?
Bojack Horseman
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